Effects of electroacupuncture on uterine prostaglandin F2α, cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor κB in rats with primary dysmenorrhea / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on uterine prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in rats with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and to discuss the possible mechanism in EA intervening PD. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an EA group and an ibuprofen group, with 10 rats in each group. The PD model was established using estradiol benzoate combined with oxytocin in the model group, EA group and ibuprofen group. At the same time of modeling, rats in the EA group were given EA at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) once a day for 20 min each time for 10 consecutive days. Ibuprofen was intragastrically administered once a day for 10 consecutive days in the ibuprofen group. The same amount of normal saline was intragastrically administered once a day for 10 consecutive days in the blank group and model group. The number of writhing of rats in each group within 30 min was compared on the 11th day just after the interventions. The uterine homogenate supernatant was separated and the PGF2α level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was applied for the detection of the expression levels of COX-2, phospho-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 proteins in uterine tissues. Results: Compared with the blank group, the number of writhing in the model group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the expression levels of PGF2α, COX-2, phospho-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 proteins in uterine tissues were significantly increased (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the number of writhing in the EA group and ibuprofen group were significantly reduced (both P<0.01), and the expression levels of PGF2α and COX-2 protein in uterine tissues were significantly reduced (both P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the phospho-NF-κB p65 level in uterine tissues in the EA group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Compared with the ibuprofen group, the phospho-NF-κB p65 level in the EA group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion: The mechanism of EA for PD rats may be related to inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB and reducing the levels of COX-2 and PGF2α in uterine tissues.

Improvement of pregnancy rate by intrauterine administration of dexamethasone and recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor at the time of embryo transfer in cattle

Bovine embryos (day 5) were cultured to day 10 with or without 100 ng/mL PGF2α in medium supplemented with control; 100 nM Dex; 1,000 U/mL recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (rhLIF); or Dex+rhLIF. Although the rates to development to the blastocyst were not significantly different among groups, the hatching rate after additional culture with Dex +/or rhLIF was significantly higher in all supplemented groups than the control (p < 0.05). In the presence of PGF2α, the hatching rate was significantly restored in all supplemented groups relative to the group treated with only PGF2α and the control (p < 0.05). Embryo transfer (ET) was performed with blastocysts (day 7). PGF2α levels of control recipient cows were significantly higher in the circulatory blood samples collected 60 min after ET than in samples collected 60 min before ET (p < 0.005), and were decreased in cows injected with loading medium supplemented with Dex+rhLIF (p < 0.005). Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the ET group that received supplemented embryo-loading medium than in the non-supplemented control (p < 0.05). The intrauterine administration of Dex and rhLIF at ET prevented increased PGF2α in circulatory blood and resulted in enhanced pregnancy rate.

Effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture on associated factors in uterus tissue and serum in rats with primary dysmenorrhea / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) onβ-endorphin (EP), nitric oxide (NO) in uterus tissue and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), substance P (SP) in serum of rats with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods:A total of 45 non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a WAA group, 15 rats in each group. Rats in the model group and the WAA group received continuous abdominal subcutaneous injection of Diethylstilbestrol to establish dysmenorrhea rat models. On the first day after modeling, rats in the WAA group began to receive acupuncture on Point Lower 1 and Point Lower 2, once a day for 10 d. The control group and the model group didn’t receive any treatment. Writhing latencies and frequencies were recorded.β-EP and NO in uterus tissue homogenates and PGF2α, SP in serum were detected. Results:In the model group,β-EP and NO levels were the lowest among the groups, the serum PGF2α level was the highest, and serum SP level was the lowest. These measurements showed significantly difference between the model group and the control group (P<0.05). PGF2α in the WAA group was lower than that in the model group;β-EP, NO and SP levels were higher than those in the model group, with inter-group statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: WAA may achieve analgesic effect through decreasing PGF2α, increasingβ-EP, NO and SP to relieve uterine cramps, increase blood flow and promote functional improvement.

Evaluation of palpebral fissure and orbital volume after bimatoprost 0.03% orbital injections. Experimental study in rats / Avaliação da fenda palpebral e do volume orbitário após aplicações orbitárias de bimatoprost 0.03%. Estudo experimental em ratos

Objective: To evaluate in experimental animals the changes of the palpebral fissure and the orbital volume after orbital injection of bimatoprost 0.03%. Methods: Two main groups of Wistar rats were analyzed, one after orbital injection of bimatoprost 0.03% and another, a control group, after orbital injection of saline solution. The calculation of the palpebral fissure was done on images by means of computer processing, using the program Image J. After taking photographs, the animals were submitted to bilateral orbital exenteration and the volume was calculated in all the animals by the water displacement method (Archimedes’ Principle). Results: While comparing the measurements of the palpebral fissure and the orbital volume among animals given an injection with bimatoprost 0.03% and the control group it was found that there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: In this study there were no statistically significant differences in the measurement of the vertical palpebral fissure and the orbital volume among animals given the orbital injection of bimatoprost 0.03% and the animals of the control group. .

Objetivo: Avaliar em modelos experimentais as alterações da fenda palpebral e do volume orbitário após aplicação orbitária de bimatoprost 0,03%. Métodos: Dois principais grupos compostos por ratos Wistar foram analisados, sendo comparados os animais submetidos à injeção orbitária de bimatoprost 0.03% com os submetidos à injeção orbitária de solução salina. O cálculo da fenda palpebral vertical foi obtido através de imagem computadorizada utilizando-se o programa Image J. Após serem fotografados os animais foram submetidos à exenteração bilateral e o volume orbitário foi calculado pelo método de deslocamento da coluna de água (Princípio de Archimedes). Resultados: Quando foram comparadas as medidas da fenda palpebral vertical e do volume orbitário entre os animais submetidos a injeção de bimatoprost 0.03% e o grupo controle não foi obsevada diferença estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: Neste estudo não houve diferença estatisticamente significante nas medidas da fenda palpebral vertical e no volume orbitário entre os animais submetidos à injeção orbitária de bimatoprost 0.03% e o grupo controle. .

Avaliação econômica das associações fixas de prostaglandina/prostamida e timolol no tratamento do glaucoma e da hipertensão ocular / Economic evaluation of prostaglandin/prostamide and timolol fixed combinations in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o custo ao final de 5 anos, a efetividade e a relação custo-efetividade das associações fixas de prostaglandina ou prostamida com timolol 0,5 por cento para o tratamento do glaucoma e da hipertensão ocular no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal avaliou as seguintes associações fixas: bimatoprosta/timolol 0,5 por cento (BT), latanoprosta/timolol 0,5 por cento (LT) e travoprosta/timolol 0,5 por cento (TT). O custo foi calculado a partir do número médio de gotas de 5 frascos de cada associação, da duração (dias) e do preço máximo ao consumidor (PMC). A efetividade na redução da pressão intraocular (PIO) foi obtida na literatura. Para cada uma das associações, calculou-se o custo diário, mensal, anual e em 5 anos. A relação custo-efetividade foi definida como o custo em 5 anos de cada percentual de redução da PIO. RESULTADOS: O PMC, número médio de gotas por frasco e a duração média (dias) foram, respectivamente: R$ 83,07; 109,4 e 54,7 para BT; R$ 126,03; 97,0 e 48,5 para LT e R$ 97,47; 96 e 48,0 para TT. A capacidade de redução percentual da PIO encontrada na literatura foi 35,10 por cento para BT, 35,00 por cento para LT e 34,70 por cento para TT. O custo em 5 anos para cada percentual de redução da PIO foi de R$ 61,02 para BT, R$ 104,71 para LT e R$ 82,53 para TT. A associação BT é dominante sobre as demais. CONCLUSÕES: BT apresentou em 5 anos menor custo e maior efetividade que LT e TT.

PURPOSE:To assess the 5-year cost, effectiveness and costeffectiveness of fixed combinations of prostaglandin or prostamide and timolol 0. 5 percent on glaucoma and/or ocular hypertension in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the following fixed combinations: bimatoprost/timolol 0. 5 percent (BT), latanoprost/timolol 0. 5 percent (LT) and travoprost/ timolol 0. 5 percent (TT). Cost was obtained through mean number of drops in a sample of 5 containers of each medication, duration (days) and the average wholesale price (AWP). Effectiveness in reducing intraocular pressure IOP was derived from the literature. Daily, monthly, annually and 5-year cost was calculated. Costeffectiveness was defined as cost by each percentage of IOP reduction over 5 years. RESULTS: AWP, mean number of drops and mean duration (days) were: R$ 83. 07; 109. 4 and 54. 7 for BT; R$ 126. 03; 97. 0 and 48. 5 for LT and R$ 97. 47; 96. 0 and 48. 0 for TT. Mean percentage of IOP reduction, obtained from literature, was: 35. 10 percent for BT, 35. 00 percent for LT and 34. 70 percent for TT. Cost-effetiveness ratio (R$/ percent) was: 61. 02 for BT, 104. 71 for LT and 82. 53 for TT. BT was dominant over LT and TT. CONCLUSION: BT presented lower costs and better effectiveness when compared to LT and TT. The most cost-effective fixed combination was BT.

Eficácia do latanoprosta x travoprosta avaliada pela curva diária de pressão intraocular / Efficacy of latanoprost versus travoprost assessed by daily intraocular pressure curve

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, através da curva diária de pressão intraocular (CDPo), a eficácia do latanoprosta (L) e do travoprosta (T) como monoterapia e do L e T associados ao maleato de timolol 0,5 por cento (LTim 0,5 por cento e TTim 0,5 por cento) em pacientes glaucomatosos. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva da curva diária de pressão intraocular de pacientes glaucomatosos em uso de L ou T ou das associações LTim 0,5 por cento e TTim 0,5 por cento. Foram excluídos os pacientes que não usaram a(s) medicação(ões) de maneira correta na curva diária de pressão intraocular e aqueles que estavam em uso de L ou T associado a outro hipotensor qão o timolol 0,5 por cento ou em uso de mais de dois colírios antiglaucomatosos. Foram analisados, em cada grupo, a pressão média (Pm) e a variabilidade (V) e seus respectivos desvios padrões. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS 11.0 na análise estatística. Raça, idade, sexo e tipo de glaucoma não foram critérios para a inclusão ou a exão dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 75 pacientes (142 olhos) com idade média de 61,7 anos, sendo 33 (44,0 por cento) do sexo masculino e 42 (56,0 por cento) do feminino. Treze pacientes (26 olhos - 18,3 por cento) usavam L; 18 pacientes (33 olhos - 23,2 por cento) usavam T; 18 pacientes (32 olhos - 22,5 por cento) estavam em tratamento com LTim 0,5 por cento e 26 pacientes (51 olhos - 35,9 por cento) usavam a associação TTim 0,5 por cento. Sessenta e nove pacientes (92,0 por cento) eram portadores de glaucoma crônico simples; 5 (6,7 por cento) de glaucoma congênito e 1 (1,3 por cento) de glaucoma pós-pseudofacia. Nos grupos L e T, os valores da Pm foram 15,2 (± 4,2) mmHg e 14,8 (±3,2) mmHg e os da V foram 2,0 (± 1,2) e 3,2 (± 1,9), respectivamente. Nos grupos LTim 0,5 por cento e TTim 0,5 por cento, os valores da Pm foram 14,9 (± 2,2) mmHg e 15,0 (±3,2) mmHg e os da V foram 2,4 (± 1,2) e 2,8 (± 1,6), respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na Pm entre ...

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of latanoprost (L) and travoprost (T) as monotherapy as well as both drugs associated with 0.5 percent timolol maleate twice a day regarding the daily curve of intraocular pressure (DCPo) with the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) at 6 am in bed. METHODS: Retrospective study analyzing the daily curve of intraocular pressure of patients treated with L or T with or without 0.5 percent Tim. Patients who did not correctly follow the treatment were excluded. We also excluded the patients who used the prostaglandin analog associated with any other antiglaucomatous drug different from 0.5 percent Tim and those who were treated with more than two antiglaucomatous drugs. Statistical analysis was made through the SPSS 11.0 program calculating mean intraocular pressure (Pm), variability (V), p value and standard deviation. Ethnic aspects or type of glaucoma were no criteria of inclusion or exclusion in this study. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (142 eyes) were included. The average age was 61.7 years. Thirty-three (44.0 percent) patients were male and 42 (56.0 percent) were female. Thirteen patients (26 eyes 18.3 percent) used L, 18 patients (33 eyes - 23.2 percent) were treated with T, 18 patients (32 eyes - 22.5 percent) used latanoprost and 0.5 percent timolol (L 0.5 percentTim) and 26 patients (51 eyes - 35.9 percent) used travoprost and 0.5 percent timolol (T 0.5 percentTim). Chronic simple glaucoma was the most common type (92.0 percent), followed by congenital glaucoma (6.7 percent) and glaucoma secondary to cataract surgery (1.3 percent). Pm was 15.2 (± 4.2) mmHg among those treated with L and 14.8 (± 3.2) mmHg among the T users. Those patients showed a V of 2.0 (± 1.2) and 3.2 (± 1.9). In the group of L 0.5 percentTim and T 0.5 percentTim the Pm and V were 14.9 (± 2.2) mmHg, 15.0 (± 3.2) mmHg, 2.4 (± 1.2) and 2.8 (± 1.6) respectively. No statistical significant difference was found in the Pm neither ...

Study on correlation between glucose excursions and oxidative stress in the elderly type 2 diabetic patients / 中华老年医学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between glucose excursions and oxidative stress in the elderly type 2 diabetic patients. MethodsFifty five elderly type 2 diabetic patients (32 males and 23 females) were recruited. All the patients were submitted to continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for three days. According to the result of CGMS monitoring ,the patients were divided into two groups: high glucose excursion group (30 cases) and low glucose excursion group (25 cases). In high glucose excursion group, the therapy was adjusted for 4 weeks based on the CGMS monitoring. After the treatments, the specimens of blood were collected again to detect the related indexes. Results(1) There were no differences in age, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin between the two groups (all P>0.05). The stardard deviation of blood glucose was higher, and the maximun and average amplitude of glycemic excursion were significantly lower in high glucose excursion group than in low glucose excursion group (t= 5. 4620,5. 9416,3. 8281, all P<0.05) ;(2) Compared with low glucose excursion group, plasma concentration of 8-iso-PGF2a was obviously higher in high glucose excursion group[(57.56 ± 3.86)ng/L vs.(34. 21±3. 82) ng/L, t= 18. 221, P=0. 0000)] . (3) Stepwise regression analysis showed that the standard deviation of blood glucose was involved in regression model (β= 1. 959, P= 0. 013).ConclusionsIn elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucose excursion is related with oxidation stress, which suggests that the glucose excursion may be the risk factor for oxidation stress.

Efeitos da latanoprosta sobre a espessura foveal em olhos submetidos à cirurgia de catarata / Influence of topical latanoprost on foveal thickness in eyes that underwent uneventful cataract surgery

OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente com o uso da tomografia de coerência óptica se o uso tópico de latanoprosta induz alterações retinianas em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico randomizado, com observador mascarado e um mês de duração. Pacientes pseudofácicos foram tratados com latanoprosta (n=10) ou lubrificante ocular uma vez ao dia (grupo controle - placebo) (n=10). Metade dos pacientes de cada grupo possuía capsulotomia posterior (Nd:YAG laser). Avaliamos o status da barreira hemato-retiniana pela medida da espessura retiniana na fóvea com a tomografia de coerência óptica. Exames de tomografia de coerência óptica e medida da acuidade visual foram realizados antes do início do estudo e com 15 e 30 dias de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada alteração significante na média da espessura foveal do grupo controle (p>0,0610). Houve aumento significante na média da espessura foveal nos pacientes tratados com latanoprosta (p<0,0004). Não foi observada alteração na acuidade visual em nenhum paciente. A média da espessura retiniana na fóvea foi significativamente maior no grupo da latanoprosta (p<0,0007). A espessura foveal nos olhos tratados com latanoprosta com cápsula posterior rota foi significativamente maior que a dos pacientes com cápsula íntegra (p<0,0461). Comparando apenas os pacientes com cápsula posterior íntegra, houve diferença significante da espessura foveal entre os pacientes tratados com latanoprosta (236,4 ± 29,4 mm) e placebo (197,8 ± 19,3 mm) apenas na avaliação realizada com 30 dias de tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Latanoprosta pode levar à quebra da barreira hemato-retiniana em pacientes pseudofácicos. Isso é mais provável de ocorrer em pacientes com cápsula posterior rota.

PURPOSE: To study prospectively using optical coherence tomography whether topical latanoprost induces retinal disorders in patients that underwent cataract surgery. METHODS: Randomized, masked-observer, one-month clinical trial. Pseudophakic patients were treated with latanoprost (n=10) or lubricant drop q.d. (control group) (n=10). Half of the patients of each group presented ruptured posterior capsule (Nd:YAG laser). We evaluated the blood-retinal barrier status assessed by optical coherence tomography measurement of retinal thickness in the fovea. Before the beginning of the study and after 15 and 30 days of treatment, optical coherence tomography images were taken, and the visual acuity examination was performed. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant increase in mean foveal thickness when patients instilled placebo (P>0.0610). A statistically significant increase in retinal thickness in the fovea was observed when patients instilled latanoprost (P<0.0004). No changes were observed in visual acuity in both groups. Mean retinal thickness in the fovea was significantly higher in the latanoprost group (P<0.0007). The mean foveal thickness in latanoprost treated eyes with ruptured posterior capsule was statistically greater when compared with that of intact posterior capsule (P<0.0461). When comparing only the patients with that of intact posterior capsule, there was a statistically significant difference in foveal thickness between patients treated with latanoprost (236.4 ± 29.4 mm) and placebo (197.8 ± 19.3 mm) only at 30 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost may lead to disruption of the blood-retinal barrier in pseudophakic patients, and is more probable to occur in patients with ruptured posterior capsule.

Considerações sobre o ângulo de administração de colírios antiglaucomatosos análogos das prostaglandinas / Considerations about administration angle of prostaglandin analogs

OBJETIVO: Investigar se há diferença no peso e volume das gotas de colírios análogos das prostaglandinas em ângulos de gotejamento de 45º e 90º com relação ao plano horizontal. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo experimental utilizando os colírios latanoprosta, travoprosta e bimatoprosta, pelo qual se gotejava as soluções com angulação de 45º e 90º. Estes colírios foram escolhidos em virtude do seu uso rotineiro em oftalmologia e do seu custo. A primeira gota e dez gotas seguintes foram pesadas em ângulo de 45º e 90º. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS® 12.0 (Microsoft), utilizando o teste de variância ANOVA, sendo considerada diferença estatisticamente significante um valor P<0,001. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que há diferença no peso, e conseqüentemente no volume, das gotas instiladas a 45º e a 90º dos colírios de travoprosta e bimatoprosta. Para o colírio travoprosta o gotejo a 45º produz uma gota menor que em 90º. O inverso ocorre para o colírio de bimatoprosta. Já para o colírio de latanoprosta, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÕES: Como houve diferença estatística no peso das gotas de dois colírios análogos das prostaglandinas e em outro não se verificou esta variação, - e como este possui relação direta com o volume - infere-se que devemos ser críticos diante de estimativas de custo ou duração da terapia com base no gotejamento dos colírios considerando número de gotas por frasco e volume.

PURPOSE: To investigate if there is any difference in volume and drop weight of prostaglandin analogs when adopting drip angles of 45º and 90º, regarding a horizontal line. METHODS: An experimental study was conducted using the follow ophthalmic solutions: latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost. In this study the ophthalmic solutions were dripped according to an angle of 45º or 90º. Prostaglandin analogs were chosen due to their common use in ophthalmology and their cost. The first drop and other ten drops were weighed, alternating the drip angle (45º or 90º). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS® 12.0 (Microsoft), using quantitative comparisons with the ANOVA test. An odds value (P) below 0.001 was considered a statistical significant difference. RESULTS: We verified differences in weight and size of the travoprost and bimatoprost drops instilled at 45º and 90º. The drip at 45º produces a smaller drop of travoprost (P<0.001), and the inverse occurs for bimatoprost. There were no statistical significant differences in weight of latanoprost drops according to the instillation angle. CONCLUSIONS: Once there was statistical difference in weight - which has direct relationship with size - of the drops of two kinds of prostaglandin analogs and in another one we did not observe this variation, we infer that cost and therapy duration estimates should be analyzed carefully, especially if this kind of drip measure is used.

Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture for Apoplectic Pseudobulbar Palsy and Its Mechanism / 广州中医药大学学报

0.05) while that in groups A and C differed from group B ( P

Calcineurin signal transduction pathway involves in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by prostaglandin F_(2?) / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study the role of prostaglandin F2?(PGF2?) in cardiac hypertrophy and its relation with calcineurin(CaN) signal transduction pathway in vitro.METHODS:The cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocyte was used to observe the hypertrophic effect of PGF2?,and the hypertrophic response was assayed by measuring the cell diameter,protein content and atrial natriuretic factor(ANF) mRNA expression.For mechanism studies,the intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca2+]i) in cultured cardiomyocytes was measured by using Fura-2/AM as a fluorescent indicator.ANF and CaN mRNA expressions,and the expressions of CaN and its downstream effectors,NFAT3 and GATA4 proteins were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.RESULTS:In cultured cardiomyocytes,PGF2? induced profound hypertrophic morphology change and the significant increase in cell diameter,and protein content in a concentration-dependent manner compared with those in vehicle control(P

Mechanisms of PGF_ (2?) on the glucose-induced insulin secretion in NIT-1? cells / 中国病理生理杂志

0.05). However, in the presence of 16.5 mmol/L glucose, PGF_ 2? increased significantly in insulin secretion (P

Acute pulmonary injury caused by echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: to establish an animals model of pulmonary embolism caused by echinococcus granulosus (E.g)cyst fluid. METHODS: Cyst fluid were isolated from sheep liver . Twenty-one rabbits were randomized into 3 groups: group Ⅰ(saline group), group Ⅱ(clear cyst fluid group), group Ⅲ (sand-contained cyst fluid group). Operation was performed on each animal to place a femoral artery catheter and a femoral vein catheter. Saline, clear cyst fluid or sand-contained cyst fluid were given to rabbits at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weigh . Observations were then made at 10, 30, 60 minutes to determine the changes of MAP, blood gas and vaso-active substance. Then ECT scanning image was obtained .After observation, all animals were killed and the lungs were harvested for histological examination by light microscopy. RESULTS: Remarkable decline of PaO 2 , MAP and rise of TXB 2, 6-keto-PGF 1? were observed in group Ⅲ and group Ⅱ(P